ࡱ> RTQc jbjbSS X11h]:::::::8"f(===g"i"i"i"i"i"i",$&":===="W ::W W W =::g"N,z,::::=g"W :W f::g",6W #"D Developing a database of personal and demonstrative pronoun paradigms Heather Bliss Elizabeth Ritter heather@lions.com ritter@ucalgary.ca Department of Linguistics The University of Calgary Objectives to document the personal and demonstrative systems of a representative sample of the worlds languages to develop a research tool for language specific typological or cross-linguistic studies Significant features Summary information on inflectional features & noteworthy properties Annotated paradigm tables of demonstrative and personal pronouns Standardized IPA transcription Relational database created in Filemaker Pro v.5.0 Languages in the database 109 different languages: 52 families & isolates 3 creole languages spoken in 80 countries What's encoded in a personal pronoun system? Universal Features person number Variable Features gender case formality What's encoded in a demonstrative pronoun system? Universal Features proximity number Variable Features gender case other deictic features Variable Features: A conceptual problem Variable features vary significantly from language to language Cross-linguistic differences in variable features must be coded in a way that is consistent yet flexible How can a typological database capture similarities and differences in variable feature inventories? Different Relational Structures for Universal and Variable Features Universal bottom-up structureVariable top-down structureSummary field Numeric tags Feature valuesSummary field Numeric tags Feature values Future goals Web version (in progress) More languages Integration with U of C typological database of grammatical number systems Appendix A: Languages in the database AcehFijianLillooetRomanianAcholiFinnishLithuanianSalish, Southern Puget SoundAinuFrenchLugbaraSirionAlbanianGeorgianLuiseoSomaliArabic, Gulf SpokenGermanMakian, WestSotho, SouthernArapesh, BumbitaGilyakMarghi, CentralSpanishAwtuwGodiMarshalleseSwahiliBalochi, WesternGreekMaxakalSwedishBandjalangHaitian Creole FrenchMskitoTamazight, Central AtlasBasqueHalkomelemMiwok, Central SierraTauyaBerikHausaMixteco-ChalcatongoTeluguBrahuiHebrewMohawkThaiCahuillaHmong NjuaMongolian, HalhTok PisinCampa, PerenHoNahuatl, ClassicalTonkawaCatalan-Valencian-BalearIraqwNamaTunicaChechenJapaneseNavahoTurkishChinese, MandarinKabardianNgandiTzutujilChinookKaingngOjibwa, WesternVietnameseComancheKalihnaPaipaiWappoCubeoKannadaPakasnovosWelshDagaKiowaPalauanWichitaDakotaKoasatiPidgin, NigerianWolayttaDieriKongo, San SalvadorPolishXoklengDjingiliKutenaiPomo, EasternYaourDongKwakuitlPotawatomiYimasDutchLadakhiQuechua, Huanco, HuallagaYupik, CentralEnglishLatvianRikbaktsaZapoteco, YatzachiZuni Appendix B: The representation of formality in the database Formality is a variable feature that varies widely from language to language Formal pronouns always contrast with other non-formal pronouns, in expressing a relatively greater level of formality/respect/politeness than the non-formal forms The database captures the notion of relative formality by using a numeric system to represent formality distinctions: NamaVietnameseTeluguFijianNeg1familiarabruptinformal-0(basic, neutral, or unmarked)Pos1politesuperiorformalavoided relationPos2-respectfulvery politespecial respect A sample paradigm with formality distinctions Nama masculine pronouns SingularDualPlural1sttitasikeinclusive-saakxmsaake2nd Neg1saako--0saatssaakxosaakoPos1saatu--3rd!p!kxa!ku References Dixon, R.M.W. 1988. 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